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In the USA heating, HVAC, etc.. account for half of the energy used in residential buildings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy Direct solar water heating (passive) has been used for quite a while and has a maximum efficiency of solar thermal systems are between .46 & .74. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_water_heating

That compares to a solar panel efficiency of .15; and I guess a lot less when applied to water heating due to conversion. And implementing in dense urban areas, passive is not as viable as active. If we were serious we would first implement passive systems. But we don't. I guess there’s something I don’t understand.



Why would you expect physics to dominate economics?

For investors, a big power station like this is a purely economic decision (will it be profitable or not).

For a homeowner, a few dollars a month for hot water is not a significant motivator to make a change (replacing a thing that works to save money after several years is not exciting).

It would probably be a good idea to figure out how to incentivize rental property owners to increase building efficiency. Or maybe just pay for it directly in exchange for a few years of not capturing the benefit in the rent.




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